editing the wiki
Introduction
OpenStreetMap is based around a community of mappers working together. Because of this it is necessary to have a way to communicate with each other-- whether it be to organize social mapping events, to discuss different projects related to OSM and/or to create standards for mapping processes. The key avenue for mappers to do this is through the OpenStreetMap wiki, a website where users can create different web pages about different topics and in different languages. To see the OSM wiki, visit
A wiki is a website where any user can add pages and edit existing pages. It is based on the same principle as OpenStreetMap- the only difference is that with OSM users are editing maps, while wiki users are editing text. The most famous wiki is Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org), an online encyclopedia that covers almost every topic imaginable.
The OpenStreetMap wiki contains information about everything related to OSM. When someone is working on a project that uses OSM, they create a wiki page so that other people can read about their project. The wiki contains help for users wanting to learn more about OSM, for common standards on how to make maps and on how to tag objects on the map, as well as many other OSM things. You have already seen at least one of the OSM wiki pages, which describes all of the most common features that you can add to the map, and how they are commonly tagged. This is the Map Features page:
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Map_Features
In this chapter we will learn how to add and edit pages on the OSM wiki. We will learn the guidlines for contributing, the special markup language for creating a wiki page, and helpful ways for improving the wiki, such as translating important pages.
1. The Wiki and Signing Up
Go to http://wiki.openstreetmap.org to see the main wiki page. You’ll see a lot of things here, and many links to other pages on the wiki. In the left column are links to some of the main pages. At the top of the page are a list of all the languages in which you can view this page. If it’s available, you can switch the page to your language. Try exploring some of the links on the page and see the kind of information available on the wiki.
You don’t need to have an account in order to view the OSM wiki, but you will need to create an account if you want to edit or add pages. Note that this is not the same as your OpenStreetMap account. You need to create a new account, although you can use the same name on the wiki as you did when signing up for OpenStreetMap.
To create a new account, click on “Log in / create account” in the
upper right corner of the website.
If you already have an account you can login on this page.
Otherwise click on “Create an account.”
Fill in the form with the username you want to create, your password
twice, your email address, and your real name. In the CAPTCHA box
at the top you need to type the two words that are shown in the box.
This is a security prevention to ensure that you are human, and not
a computer.
When you have filled in all the fields click “Create account.”
Now you will be automatically logged in, and you will see your
username and other links available in the upper right corner of the
website.
2. Getting Started
Let’s start out by editing our user page. Every user has a page on the wiki. These pages are commonly used to provide information about yourself, your location, for interpersonal communication, and for creating test pages and drafts. This is a great place for us to start, and learn the basics of editing a wiki page.
Go to your user page by clicking on your username in the upper right
corner. My username is “MapJeff”, so I will click on this.
Right now the page is empty. Click on “edit this page” to add
something to it.
We can type anything into the editor to add information to the page.
For example, let’s add some basic information and a description.
You can add your own information, but here is an example.
When you have added some text, enter a summary of your changes in
the box next to “Summary” and click “Save Page.” The page will look
something like this:
This is great because I have successfully saved my text to the page,
but it is no good because it not formatted in a good way. In order
to make it look nice, we need to learn some of the basic wiki
formatting techniques. Click “Edit” at the top of the page, and
let’s make some more changes to our page.
If you understood the previous chapter on XML, you will remember
that we used elements which have opening tags and closing tags. We
will do something similar on the wiki, using special characters to
surround the text we want to appear a certain way.
The wiki doesn’t automatically put new lines in unless we ask it to,
so we need to put the tag at the end of each of our lines in
the first section. This will cause a line break to occur.
Then, we want the words “About Me” to appear highlighted since it is the heading of a section. To do this we can surround it like this:
Now our code looks like this:
And after we save it the page will look nicely formatted:
Practice formatting your text in different ways. A small hint: the
buttons above the text box will automatically insert different types
of formatting code into your text!
Once you have saved your page, it will be viewable by anyone on the
internet. The following link goes to my page, but if you replace my
username with yours, it will go to your user page.
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/User:MapJeff
3. More Formatting
In this section we will discuss many of the different ways you can format your information on a wiki page and the appropriate codes to use to create different elements. It’s a good idea to practice before trying to create an official wiki page that you want others to see, so first let’s create a sub-page under your user page where you can play around and practice editing.
You can create any new wiki page by typing in the link to the page
that you want and then creating a new page. For now, let’s create a
new subpage that we can use to practice our wiki editing. Open your
web browser to the following address, replacing “MapJeff” with your
own username.
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/User:MapJeff/testpage
This will take us to an empty page that we can edit.
Now let’s look at how to format our text. Feel free to use your test page to try things out.
Basic Formatting
Description | Example | Result |
Surrounding text with two apostrophes (') will display this text in italic. | ''italic text'' | italic text |
Surrounding text with three apostrophes (') will display this text in bold. | '''bold text''' | bold text |
Surrounding text with five apostrophes (') will display this text in bold italic | '''''bold and italic text''''' | bold and italic text |
Four dashes in a row will create a horizontal line. This should be used sparingly. | - - - - | __ |
Special Formatting
Description | Example wiki source | Result |
A pair of '< nowiki>' and '< /nowiki>' disables the wiki-syntax in the enclosed text. | '''bold text''' | bold text |
< nowiki>'''bold text'''< /nowiki> | '''bold text''' | |
Surround your text with '' and the enclosed text will not display on the wiki-page (a comment). | Comment! | Comment! |
Headings and Subheadings
A section starts with a header consisting of a line beginning and ending with two or more consecutive equal signs (=). The number of equal signs indicates the nesting level of sections.
When you create sections and subsection headings in your wiki page, the page will automatically have a table of contents section created at the top of the page.
Lists
It’s easy to create a bullet list. In order to make an item in a list, you simply need to use a star (*) as the first character on one or more consecutive lines.
To create an ordered list, you simply use number signs (#) instead of stars (*).
You can create nested lists by using a combination of stars and number signs. Nested lists display as lists with different levels of indentation. When nesting lists you may mix bullet lists and numbered lists on each level.
Links
Links within the OpenStreetMap wiki are quite simple. Simply surround the name of the wiki page you want to link to with double brackets [[wiki-link]]. You could add different text for the link by adding a pipe symbol (|) and the text will appear as the link text. If you want a special language version of a wiki page, you should prefix the page name with the two-letter language code and a colon (:). For example, to link to the German version of a page, you would use [[de:wiki-link]].
If you want to link to an article on Wikipedia, prefix the name of the article with “wikipedia:” For example, [[wikipedia:article-name]]. If you want to link to a wikipedia article in another langauge, you can add the language code like this: [[wikipedia:de:article-name]].
Finally, if you want to create an external link, simply type the URL and it will display as a link. If you want to change the link text, you can use one set of brackets to change the text which links to your URL [external-link link-text].
Tables
Tables are probably the trickiest thing to create in a wiki, but easy once you understand how it works. First, you need to understand that a table is really a grid that has some number of rows and some number of columns, and one type of information is contained horizontally in rows and another type vertically in columns.
A basic table needs the following parts:
A line with the first two characters '{|' indicating the begin of a
table.
An optional line with the first two characters '|+' for the
caption of the table.
One or more table rows, beginning with '|-' and usually no other
content
After each table row one or more lines with table cells and their
text/content. A table cell has as first character a pipe symbol (|)
and the second character cannot be either plus (+) or minus (-)
because these two are reserved for caption and table row
respectively.
A line with the first two characters '|}' indicating the end of a
table.
It is good practise and increases readability to use a space as second/third character, thus avoiding any ambiguity.
Play around with all these different techniques for formatting your wiki. If you want an example of all of these things, try viewing the test page I created here:
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/User:MapJeff/testpage
Compare the wiki text to the way it is formatted when you are viewing it.
You can find more information on editing at http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Help:Wiki-Editing.
4. Conventions and Guidelines
You can create any wiki page the same way that you have created your user page. However, before you run off creating pages to your heart’s content, it is important to understand some guidelines for how to best contribute. Some key things to keep in mind are:
Before Creating a Page
Don’t Duplicate. When you want to create a new wiki page, do a
comprehensive search of the wiki to ensure that someone else hasn’t
already created a page about the same topic. You can search for
existing pages using the search box in the upper right.
If a page that you want to create already exists, but you think it
could be better, you should improve it, instead of creating an
entirely new page.
Choose a descriptive name, capitalize new words, and don’t use
spaces or dashes. The Map Features page for example, is named
Map_Features, making the link:
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Map_Features
When Structuring a Page
Divide your page into sections and subsections.
Create an “Introduction” section at the top of the page to give a
brief explanation of the page.
Format different parts of your pages as tables or lists, when
appropriate. (We will discuss formatting more in the next section)
When in doubt, look at other pages on the wiki for inspiration about
how to format things. Remember that you can look at the code for
any page by clicking on the edit tab and seeing how other users
format their text.
5. Translating Pages
One very useful thing that can be done on the wiki is to translate important pages into your language. As you’ve already seen, many wiki pages have links at the top where you can switch languages. However, this is only available for pages that have been translated, and that include a special tag at the top -
When developing the OpenStreetMap community in your country, it is very useful for key wiki pages to be translated into your language. Adding translated pages is easy, as we will see here.
The names of pages are always created in English, but different versions of the same page can be created by adding a language code into the URL. For example, the Map Features page is at
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Map_Features
If you want the Spanish version of this page, it is available at
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/ES:Map_Features
If a page exists that you want to translate, you simply visit the URL with your language code and a colon (:) preceding the page name. For example, if we wanted to translate this page into Indonesian, we would visit
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/ID:Map_Features
Then we click “Edit” to create this page.
The easiest way to add a translation is to go to a page in English, click “Edit”, and copy all of the wiki text to your Clipboard. Then edit the page in your own language, pasting in the original English text and translating it into your language. This will allow you to keep all of the original formatting and links correctly, but translate the English text into your own language.
6. Watching Pages
You may want keep an eye on pages that you have edited yourself, or that you have an interest in. To do this, you can add specific pages to your “Watchlist,” which keeps a record of recent changes to pages, so that you will know when others have edited them.
To add a page to your watchlist, click on the star at the top of the page section:
Then, you can view your watchlist by clicking on “My Watchlist” at the top of the page:
On the “My Watchlist” page you choose to show changes to your watched pages within the past hours, or days, or since you started watching the page.
Summary
In this chapter we have learned how we can edit and add pages to the OpenStreetMap wiki. You should now have a decent understanding of how to create a new wiki page, how to add different formatting, and how to create translations of existing pages.
Furthermore, It would be very helpful to discuss a bit the concept of templates as the OSM Wiki uses them a lot and those templates can be quite confusing for beginners
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